Biology and Biological Control of Leafy Spurge.
p 693-706.īourchier R, Hansen R, Lym R, Norton A, Olson D, Bell Randall C, Schwarzlander M, Skinner L. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 1999 July 4-14 Bozeman (MT): Montana State University. Design and importance of post-release monitoring. Biological Control 5:47-53.īlossey B, Skinner L. Host specificity of three potential biological weed control agents attacking flowers and seeds of Lythrum salicaria. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University Press. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. In: Coombs EM, Clark JK, Piper GL, Cofrancesco Jr AF, editors. Monitoring in weed biological control programs. Proceedings of Exotic Pests of Eastern Forests Conference 1997 April 8-10 Nashville (TN): USDA Forest Service & TN Exotic Pest Plant Council.īlossey B. Biological control of purple loosestrife in North America.
#LEAFY MS AGENT CODE#
Code of best practices for classical biocontrol of weeds. International code of best practices for classical biological control of weeds. Oakland (CA): University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3361. Western Region: accomplishments and benefits of Regional Research Project W-84, 1964-1989. (Asteraceae) In: Nechols JR, Andres LA, Beardsley JW, Goeden RD, Jackson CG, editors. When integrated with other methods, every effort should be made to avoid practices that may impede a biocontrol agent’s development or reproduction.Īndres LA, Rees NE. However, biocontrol is not effective in eradicating or preventing invasive plant infestations. Management Options and Integrating Strategiesīiocontrol is an invasive plant suppression tool and may support other methods when containment is the goal. Post-release monitoring should be designed to detect a biocontrol agent’s establishment, intensity of attack, effects on target plants, and effects on the environment.ġ0. Identifying and avoiding common errors will help to improve the effectiveness of biocontrol. Successful establishment of biocontrol agents is a function of a number of abiotic, biotic, and procedural factors. The International Code of Best Practices provides further guidance for redistribution and places additional emphasis on predicting agent effectiveness and implementing post-release monitoring. Guidance to biocontrol practitioners conducting initial biocontrol agent release and redistribution activities is provided by the TAG committee and federal and state statutory regulations. Suppression of invasive plant populations by biocontrol agents takes several years.Īlthough biocontrol is often promoted as an environmentally benign management method, there are a number of examples where biocontrol has been linked to significant nontarget effects such as nontarget attacks and host-shifting, accidental introductions, ecological replacement, and food-web interactions. When biocontrol works, it provides a low-cost, self-perpetuating, long-term control option for many, but not all, invasive plant species. The practice of biocontrol is based on two broad ecological cornerstones: (1) one organism can be used to control another and (2) some organisms have a limited host range.ĥ. Successful biocontrol agents will not eliminate their host plant populations, but will reduce populations to levels below damaging thresholds. The goal of classical biocontrol is to restore some of the regulating factors that limit the competitive ability of an invasive plant species in its native range. The absence of natural enemies may contribute to the invasiveness of some nonnative plant species.Ĭlassical biocontrol is defined as the “intentional introduction of an exotic (nonnative), usually co-evolved biological control agent for permanent establishment and long-term pest control.” Natural enemies such as herbivores and pathogens play an important role in regulating plant populations. Review the key points and then test your knowledge of biocontrol by taking a quiz.
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